ThecellularactivationofthecaspasecascaderesultingincelldeathistriggeredbychemicaldamagetoDNAwhichstimulatesasequenceresultinginthecleavageofBidinamannersimilartothebindingofsocalled“death-receptors”ordirectlyinitiatesthepermeABIlitytransitionofthemitochondrialmembrane.Thepermiabilitytransitionreleasesseveralfactorsincludingcytochromec,AIFandotherfactorsintothecytoplasm.Cytochromec,akeyproteininelectrontransport,isreleasedfrommitochondriainresponsetoapoptoticsignals,andactivatesApaf-1,aproteasereleasedfrommitochondria.ActivatedApaf-1activatescaspase-9andtherestofthecaspasecascade.Thecaspasesareaclassofcysteineproteasesthatincludesseveralrepresentativesinvolvedinapoptosis.Thecaspasesconveytheapoptoticsignalinaproteolyticcascade,withcaspasescleavingandactivatingothercaspasesthatthendegradeothercellulartargetsthatleadtocelldeath.

Contributor:RogerAndersonPh.D.

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