应对埃博拉（Ebola virus）等高致病性病原微生物个人防护措施相关交流-蚂蚁淘在线

应对埃博拉（Ebola virus）等高致病性病原微生物个人防护措施

mayitao /发布时间:1628875803 /浏览量:67

Forthegenus,seeEbolavirus.Forthecurrentoutbreak,see2014WestAfricaEbolavirusoutbreak.

Ebolavirus

Virusclassification
Group:	GroupV((-)ssRNA)
Order:	Mononegavirales
Family:	Filoviridae
Genus:	Ebolavirus
Species:	Zaireebolavirus
Membervirus(Abbreviation)
Ebolavirus(EBOV)

Ebolavirus(EBOV,formerlydesignatedZaireebolavirus)isthesolememberoftheZaireebolavirusspecies,andthemostdangerousofthefiveknownviruseswithinthegenusEbolavirus.^[1]Fourofthefiveknownebolavirusescauseasevereandoftenfatalhemorrhagicfeverinhumansandothermammals,knownasEbolavirusdisease.ThevirusanditsspecieswerebothoriginallynamedforZaire(nowtheDemocraticRepublicofCongo),thecountrywhereitwasfirstdescribed,^[1]andwasatfirstsuspectedtobeanew"strain"ofthecloselyrelatedMarburgvirus;^[2]^[3]thevirus(butnotitsspecies)wasrenamedto"Ebolavirus"in2010toavoidconfusion.ThespeciesisavirologicaltaxonspeciesincludedinthegenusEbolavirus,familyFiloviridae(whosemembersarecalledFilovirus^[4]),orderMononegavirales.^[1]TheZaireebolavirusspeciesisalsothetypespecies(referenceorexamplespecies)forebolavirus.Itsnaturalreservoirisbelievedtobebats,particularlyfruitbats,anditisprimarilytransmittedbetweenhumansandfromanimalstohumans,throughbodyfluids.

TheEBOVgenomeisapproximately19,000basepairslong.Itencodessevenstructuralproteins:nucleoprotein(NP),polymerasecofactor(VP35),(VP40),GP,transcriptionactivator(VP30),VP24,andRNApolymerase(L).^[5]Itisdifficulttostudyduetothevirulentnatureofthevirus.

Becauseofitshighmortalityrate,EBOVisalsolistedaselectagent,WorldHealthOrganizationRiskGroup4Pathogen(requiringBiosafetyLevel4-equivalentcontainment),aU.S.NationalInstitutesofHealth/NationalInstituteofAllergyandInfectiousDiseasesCategoryAPriorityPathogen,U.S.CDCCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionCategoryABioterrorismAgent,andlistedasaBiologicalAgentforExportControlbytheAustraliaGroup.

Mainarticle:Ebolavirusdisease

Ebolavirusisoneofthefourebolavirusesknowntocausediseaseinhumans.Ithasthehighestcase-fatalityrateoftheseebolaviruses,averaging83%sincefirstdescribedin1976,althoughfatalityratesupto90%havebeenrecordedinoneepidemic(2002–03).Therehavealsobeenmoreoutbreaksofebolavirusthanofanyotherebolavirus.Thefirstoutbreakoccurredon26August1976inYambuku.^[20]ThefirstrecordedcasewasMabaloLokela,a44‑year-oldschoolteacher.Thesymptomsresembledmalaria,andsubsequentpatientsreceivedquinine.Transmissionhasbeenattributedtoreuseofunsterilizedneedlesandclosepersonalcontact,bodyfluidsandplaceswherethepersonhastouched.

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