IGF-1R,thetype1receptorforinsulin-likegrowthfactor,mediatescellsurvivalandgrowthinresponsetoitsligandsIGF-1andIGF-2.Thistyrosinekinasereceptoriswidelyexpressedinmanycelltypesandisakeymediatorofgrowth.OverexpressionoractivationofIGF-1Rmaybeinvolvedintheproliferationoftransformedcells,makinginhibitionofIGF-1Rsignalingastrategyforthedevelopmentofcancerdrugs.IGF-1RactivatesthreesignalingpathwaysthatconvergetophosphorylateBADproteinandblockapoptosis.ThefirstpathwayactivatedbyIGF-1RstimulatesPI3-kinaseandtheAKTpathwaytophosphorylateBADandblockapoptosis.AsecondpathwayactivatedbyIGF-1Rinvolvesrasmediatedactivationofthemapkinasepathwaytoblockapoptosis.AthirdpathwayinvolvesinteractionofrafwithmitochondriainresponsetoIGF-1Ractivation.TheconvergenceofthesepathwaystoblockapoptosismayenhancetheIGF-1Rresponse.

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