Meningeal cells surround the brain and actively participate in the development of the central nervous system. They play an important role in stabilizing the extracellular matrix of the pial surface; organizing the radial glial scaffold, and also laminating the cerebellar cortex. Selective pharmacological destruction of the meningeal cells during a critical ontogenetic period leads to specific malformation of both; the cerebellar cortex and dentate gyrus. Grafts of meningeal cells, which came from meninges overlying the cerebral cortex, in adult rat spinal cord lesions promotes axonal regrowth. Additionally, in vitro studies show that human meningeal cells chemotactically orient the migration of immature neurons but not glial cells.