Concentration:	1 mg / ml, determined by the Lowry method
Source:	From fresh human plasma that has tested negative for Hepatitis C, HIV-I and HIV-II antibodies as well as Hepatitis surface antigens.
Purification:	After series ultracentrifugations, Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) is isolated from human plasma (Density 1.006).
Buffer:	10 mM Tris-HCl, 0.14 M NaCl, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.02% NaN3, pH 7.4; Preserved with 50 % glycerol.
Storage:	-20°C for long-term storage, 4°C for short- term storage. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.

 

Importance

Plasma lipoproteins classes can be defined according to the densities at which they are isolated, as high (HDL), low (LDL), intermediate (IDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and the chylomicrons. The assembly and secretion of VLDL particles takes place in liver cells. Since each VLDL particle has just one copy of apo-B100, the concentration of apo-B100 represents the number of VLDL particles. (Niu and Evans, 2011) Besides cardiovascular diseases, VLDL is associated with diabetes and Alzheimer disease. (Bjorntorp, 1990; Okuizumi et al., 1995) Study also has shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress induces hepatic steatosis via increased expression of the VLDL receptor in liver cell. (Jo et al., 2013)

Bjorntorp, P. ""Portal" Adipose Tissue as a Generator of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 10.4 (1990): 493-96.

Jo, Hyunsun, Sung Sik Choe, Kyung Cheul Shin, Hagoon Jang, Jae Ho Lee, Je Kyung Seong, Sung Hoon Back, and Jae Bum Kim. "Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Hepatic Steatosis via Increased Expression of the Hepatic Very Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor." Hepatology 57.4 (2013): 1366-377.

Niu, You-Guo, and Rhys D. Evans. "Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein: Complex Particles in Cardiac Energy Metabolism." Journal of Lipids 2011 (2011): 1-9. 

Okuizumi, Kaoru, Osamu Onodera, Yoshio Namba, Kazuhiko Ikeda, Tokuo Yamamoto, Koji Seki, Akira Ueki, Shinichiro Nanko, Hajime Tanaka, Hitoshi Takahashi, Kiyomitsu Oyanagi, Hidehiro Mizusawa, Ichiro Kanazawa, and Shoji Tsuji. "Genetic Association of the Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) Receptor Gene with Sporadic Alzheimer"s Disease." Nature Genetics Nat Genet11.2 (1995): 207-09.

 

Citations

[P09]	2018	Lutomski, Corinne A.; Gordon, Scott M.; Remaley, Alan T.; Jarrold, Martin F. (2018): Resolution of Lipoprotein Subclasses by Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry. In Anal. Chem. 90 (11), pp. 6353–6356. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01127.
[P09]	2014	Braesch-Andersen, Sten; Beckman, Lena; Paulie, Staffan; Kumagai-Braesch, Makiko (2014): ApoD mediates binding of HDL to LDL and to growing T24 carcinoma. In PLoS ONE 9 (12), e115180. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115180.
[P09]	2013	Jo, Hyunsun; Choe, Sung Sik; Shin, Kyung Cheul; Jang, Hagoon; Lee, Jae Ho; Seong, Je Kyung et al. (2013): Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces hepatic steatosis via increased expression of the hepatic very low-density lipoprotein receptor. In Hepatology 57 (4), pp. 1366–1377. DOI: 10.1002/hep.26126.
[P09]	2006	Caruso, Alessandra; Motolese, Marta; Iacovelli, Luisa; Caraci, Filippo; Copani, Agata; Nicoletti, Ferdinando et al. (2006): Inhibition of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by apolipoprotein E4 in PC12 cells. In Journal of neurochemistry 98 (2), pp. 364–371. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03867.x.

academy biomed[A05]绵羊抗人类载脂蛋白AII多克隆抗体12A-S1a学院生物医学公司$ 155.00$ 155.00目录号数量1寄主物种： 羊浓度： 1毫克/毫升（OD 1.35 / 280 nm）抗原： 人类载脂蛋白AII纯化： 亲和纯化缓冲： 75 mM磷酸钠，75 mM NaCl，0.5 mM EDTA，0.02％NaN3，pH 7.2特异性 与人载脂蛋白AII特异性结合。免疫印迹和ELISA的稀释范围：1,000至80,000。用： 该抗体可用于检测血浆和脂蛋白中的载脂蛋白AII，免疫测定，免疫印迹，酶结合或生物素化。存储： -20°C长期保存，4°C短期保存。等分试样，以避免反复冻结和解冻。 *这些产品仅用于研究或制造用途，不能用于人体治疗或诊断应用。 重要性Apo AII占HDL的25％。它在人血浆中以77条氨基酸残基的2条相同链的二聚体形式存在，并通过二硫键连接。据报道，单链的分子量为8.7kDa（Brewer等，1972）。对小鼠的研究报道，apoAII可能具有促动脉粥样硬化作用（Warden等，1993）。然而，一项大型的欧洲前瞻性研究中的病例对照研究表明，血浆Apo AII浓度与冠心病事件密切相关（Birjmohun等，2007）。Birjmohun，RS，GM Dallinga-Thie，JA Kuivenhoven，ESg Stroes，JD Otvos，NJ Wareham，R.Luben，JJp Kastelein，K.-T. Khaw和SM Boekholdt。“载脂蛋白A-II与未来冠状动脉疾病的风险成反比。” 循环116（2007）：2029-035。Brewer，HB，SE Lux，R.Ronan和KM John。“人ApoLp-Gln-II（apoA-II），一种从高密度脂蛋白复合物中分离的载脂蛋白的氨基酸序列。” 美国国家科学院院刊69.5（1972）：1304-308。Warden，C.，C.Hedrick，J.Qiao，L.Castellani和A.Lusis。“过表达载脂蛋白A-II的转基因小鼠中的动脉粥样硬化。” 科学261（1993）：469-72。