Concentration:	1 mg / ml, determined by the Lowry method
Source:	From fresh human plasma that has tested negative for Hepatitis C, HIV-I and HIV-II antibodies as well as Hepatitis surface antigens.
Purification:	After series ultracentrifugation, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is isolated from human plasma (Density: 1.063).
Purity:	≥ 98% by SDS-PAGE
Buffer:	20 mM Tris-HCl, 140 mM NaCl, 0.02% NaN3, 0.5 mM EDTA, pH 7.4; Preserved with 50 % glycerol.
Storage:	-20°C for long-term storage, 4°C for short- term storage. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.

 

Importance

The process of LDL formation begins when intrahepatic cholesterol is repackaged by the liver into VLDL (Very Low-density lipoprotein). VLDL then enters the circulation and is converted by lipoprotein lipase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) into more cholesterolenriched species, first IDL (Intermediate-density lipoprotein) and then LDL (Wadhera et al., 2015).

Circulating LDL particles are able to penetrate the endothelium of arterial walls and become oxidized, promote inflammation, and drive injury to the overlying endothelium and surrounding smooth muscle cells (Ross, 1999).

Ross, R. “Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease.” American Heart J. 138 (1999): S419–S420.

Wadhera, Rishi K., Dylan L. Steen, Irfan Khan, Robert P. Giugliano, and Joanne M. Foody. "A Review of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Treatment Strategies, and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality." Journal of Clinical Lipidology (2015).

 

Citations

[P08]	2018	Lutomski, Corinne A.; Gordon, Scott M.; Remaley, Alan T.; Jarrold, Martin F. (2018): Resolution of Lipoprotein Subclasses by Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry. In Anal. Chem. 90 (11), pp. 6353–6356. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01127.
[P08]	2017	Grönwall, Caroline; Amara, Khaled; Hardt, Uta; Krishnamurthy, Akilan; Steen, Johanna; Engström, Marianne et al. (2017): Autoreactivity to malondialdehyde-modifications in rheumatoid arthritis is linked to disease activity and synovial pathogenesis. In Journal of autoimmunity 84, pp. 29–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.06.004.
[P08]	2017	Yang, Tzu-Ching; Chang, Po-Yuan; Kuo, Tzu-Ling; Lu, Shao-Chun (2017): Electronegative L5-LDL induces the production of G-CSF and GM-CSF in human macrophages through LOX-1 involving NF-κB and ERK2 activation. In Atherosclerosis 267, pp. 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.10.016.
[P08]	2014	Braesch-Andersen, Sten; Beckman, Lena; Paulie, Staffan; Kumagai-Braesch, Makiko (2014): ApoD mediates binding of HDL to LDL and to growing T24 carcinoma. In PLoS ONE 9 (12), e115180. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115180.
[P08]	2006	Feng, Qi; Chai, Chou; Jiang, Xue-Song; Leong, Kam W.; Mao, Hai-Quan (2006): Expansion of engrafting human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in three-dimensional scaffolds with surface-immobilized fibronectin. In Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A 78 (4), pp. 781–791. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30829.
[P08]	2006	Jiang, Xue-Song; Chai, Chou; Zhang, Yue; Zhuo, Ren-Xi; Mao, Hai-Quan; Leong, Kam W. (2006): Surface-immobilization of adhesion peptides on substrate for ex vivo expansion of cryopreserved umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells. In Biomaterials 27 (13), pp. 2723–2732. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.12.001.
[P08]	2006	Zhang, Yue; Chai, Chou; Jiang, Xue-Song; Teoh, Swee-Hin; Leong, Kam W. (2006): Co-culture of umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells with human mesenchymal stem cells. In Tissue engineering 12 (8), pp. 2161–2170. DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.2161.

academy biomed[A05]绵羊抗人类载脂蛋白AII多克隆抗体12A-S1a学院生物医学公司$ 155.00$ 155.00目录号数量1寄主物种： 羊浓度： 1毫克/毫升（OD 1.35 / 280 nm）抗原： 人类载脂蛋白AII纯化： 亲和纯化缓冲： 75 mM磷酸钠，75 mM NaCl，0.5 mM EDTA，0.02％NaN3，pH 7.2特异性 与人载脂蛋白AII特异性结合。免疫印迹和ELISA的稀释范围：1,000至80,000。用： 该抗体可用于检测血浆和脂蛋白中的载脂蛋白AII，免疫测定，免疫印迹，酶结合或生物素化。存储： -20°C长期保存，4°C短期保存。等分试样，以避免反复冻结和解冻。 *这些产品仅用于研究或制造用途，不能用于人体治疗或诊断应用。 重要性Apo AII占HDL的25％。它在人血浆中以77条氨基酸残基的2条相同链的二聚体形式存在，并通过二硫键连接。据报道，单链的分子量为8.7kDa（Brewer等，1972）。对小鼠的研究报道，apoAII可能具有促动脉粥样硬化作用（Warden等，1993）。然而，一项大型的欧洲前瞻性研究中的病例对照研究表明，血浆Apo AII浓度与冠心病事件密切相关（Birjmohun等，2007）。Birjmohun，RS，GM Dallinga-Thie，JA Kuivenhoven，ESg Stroes，JD Otvos，NJ Wareham，R.Luben，JJp Kastelein，K.-T. Khaw和SM Boekholdt。“载脂蛋白A-II与未来冠状动脉疾病的风险成反比。” 循环116（2007）：2029-035。Brewer，HB，SE Lux，R.Ronan和KM John。“人ApoLp-Gln-II（apoA-II），一种从高密度脂蛋白复合物中分离的载脂蛋白的氨基酸序列。” 美国国家科学院院刊69.5（1972）：1304-308。Warden，C.，C.Hedrick，J.Qiao，L.Castellani和A.Lusis。“过表达载脂蛋白A-II的转基因小鼠中的动脉粥样硬化。” 科学261（1993）：469-72。