HLA-DRA1*01:01(HLA-DRB1*04:01)(YKYVKQNTLKLAT) Class II Tetramer
HLA-DRA1*01:01HLA-DRB1*04:01 YKYVKQNTLKLAT Class II Tetramer Developed and Manufactured by immunAware
Size: 50, 150, or 500 tests
Organism: Influenza A virus
Epitope: HA 306–318 (IEDB#: 48237)
HLA: Recombinant HLA-DRA1*01:01 / recombinant HLA-DRB5*01:01 with a C-terminal biotinylation.
Formulations: peptide-HLA-II monomer, biotinylated
peptide-HLA-II tetramer with PE or APC label
Buffer: PBS pH 7.4 containing 5% Glycerol
For Research Use Only
The HLA-DRA1*01:01HLA-DRB1*04:01 YKYVKQNTLKLAT Class II Tetramer can be used in flow cytometric analysis to characterise and quantify epitope specific CD4+T cells.
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HLA-DRA1*01:01(HLA-DRB1*07:01)(KGIQIIYTRNHEVKS) Class II Tetramer
HLA-DRA1*01:01(HLA-DRB5*01:01)(PYKYVKQNTLKLAT) Class II Tetramer
Recommendations
Please note that the staining intensity can vary between tetramer specificities, hence the tetramer concentration should be titrated the first time a specific tetramer is used. Note, it may be an advantage to stain for the same tetramer specificity with two different fluorochrome labels. It gives a more accurate definition of the tetramer positive population. Often antigen specific CD4+ T cells are of very low frequency and can be difficult to detect directly ex vivo. A prior enrichment or short 7-day in vitro stimulation is recommended for such detection.
Materials and equipment
- Fluorophore-labeled HLA class II tetramer(s)
- Fluorophore-labeled antibodies against phenotypic markers (CD3, CD4, and other optional markers)
- 96-well U-bottom plate
- FACS buffer: PBS with 1%BSA (or FCS) and 0.1% NaN3.
- Centrifuge with a plate rotor
- Flow cytometer
Scientific Background
A tetramer assay (tetramer stain) is used to detect and quantify antigen specific T cells. The interaction between a peptide MHC complex (pMHC) and a cognate T cell receptor (TcR) is of too low affinity to be detected in flow cytometry. Multimerization of monomeric biotinylated pMHC by streptavidin (1) complexing increases the avidity of the pMHC streptavidin tetramer towards cognate TcRs to allow detection of antigen specific T cells.
EagleBio的5α-雄甾烷-3α，17β-二醇葡糖醛酸化物是C19类固醇，缩写为3α-DiolG，5α二醇G或简称为α二醇G。它主要作为睾丸激素和二氢睾丸激素（DHT）的代谢产物生产。它主要在目标外围组织（例如皮肤）中产生，尤其是在毛囊周围。大量的3α-DiolG刺激会导致过多的头发形成，特别是在女性通常不存在头发的地方。近年来，在研究患有特发性多毛症的妇女的临床研究人员中，人们对这种类固醇的测量越来越感兴趣。已知是3α-DiolG前体的类固醇包括脱氢表雄酮（DHEA），硫酸脱氢表雄酮（DHEAS），二氢睾丸酮（DHT），雄烯二酮和睾丸激素。已显示只有3α-DiolG随多毛症增加而随治疗减少。这种相关性在多囊卵巢综合征（PCO）患者中也得到了证明。3α-DiolG的测定因此被证明是多种方式的有用指标，包括监测特发性多毛症和PCO妇女的治疗进展。此外，接受环孢霉素A治疗的糖尿病患者（无论男女）均显示3α-DiolG水平升高，这种副作用导致以前无毛的区域出现了头发。3α-DiolG的测定因此被证明是多种方式的有用指标，包括监测特发性多毛症和PCO妇女的治疗进展。此外，接受环孢霉素A治疗的糖尿病患者（无论男女）均显示3α-DiolG水平升高，这种副作用导致以前无毛的区域出现了头发。3α-DiolG的测定因此被证明是多种方式的有用指标，包括监测特发性多毛症和PCO妇女的治疗进展。此外，接受环孢霉素A治疗的糖尿病患者（无论男女）均显示3α-DiolG水平升高，这种副作用导致以前无毛的区域出现了头发。
