Liposomes are extensively used to study the interaction of proteins, peptides and other molecules with the surface of a lipid membrane. One of the parameters that affects this interaction is the charge of the liposomal membrane. Liposomes are always made in aqueous environment and they are sized to the desired size in liquid state using various methods such as high pressure extrusion through nano sized pore track etch membranes. Liposome without water is meaningless. In rare occasions, liposomes are freeze dried and proliposomes are formed in the presence of a lyoprotectant such as trehalose. Using a lyoprotectant is necessary in order to maintain the size of the liposomes after rehydration.

Lyophosome™-Natural PC extract catalog is composed of many liposomes made from phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids that are made from natural lipids that are extracted from egg yolk, soybean, tissues and organs such as brain, heart and liver with and without cholesterol. Adding 30% cholesterol makes the liposomes serum stable and is necessary when the liposomes are used in the presence of serum.

Liposomes made from egg PC, contain both saturated and unsaturated lipids. These liposome contain 0.2% of the 14:0 lipid, 32.7% 16:0 lipid, 12.3% 18:0 lipid, 1.1% 16:1 lipid, 32% 18:1 lipid, 17.1% 18:2 lipid,  0.2% 20:2 lipid, and 0.3% 20:3 lipid, 2.7% 20:4 lipid and 0.4% 22:6 lipid.

Liposomes made from Brain PC contain both saturated and unsaturated lipids. They contain 0.3% 14:0 lipid, 30.6% 16:0 lipids, 16.5% 18:0 lipid, 0.9% 16:1 lipid, 33.3 % 18:1 lipid, 1.1% 18:2 lipid, 0.8% 20:1 lipid, 0.2% 20:3 lipid, 3.1% 20:4 lipid  and 0.6% 22:6 lipid.

Liposomes made from Heart PC also contain 40% plasmalogen ether lipid. Ether lipids are more stable and do not get hydrolyzed. Heart PC also contains saturated and unsaturated lipids. It contains about 23% 16:0 lipid, 7% 18:0 lipid, 11% 18:1 lipid, 43% 18:2 lipid and 6% 20:4 lipid.

Liver PC also contains saturated and unsaturated lipids. Almost half of the lipids are saturated and the other half unsaturated. It is composed of 14% 16:0 lipid, 33% 18:0 lipid, 17% 18:1 lipid, 12% 18:2 lipid, 8% 20:3 lipid and 7% 20:4 lipid.

Soy PC also contains saturated and unsaturated lipids. Soy PC is mostly composed of unsaturated lipids and have a larger percentage of unsaturated PCs compare to egg, brain, heart and liver extracted PCs. Liposomes made from Soy PC contain 14.9% 16:0 lipid, 3.7% 18:0 lipid, 11.4% 18:1 lipid, 63% 18:2 lipid and 5.7% 18:3 lipid.

Lyophosome™ product catalog is composed of a large selection of freeze-dried liposomes with various types of lipids and wide range of zeta potentials and different properties. Lyophosome™ products should be used by scientists who understand liposome formulation and have the proper equipment to check the size, separate non-encapsulated drugs and do the proper assays. Freeze-dried liposomes cannot be used blindly.