293 lysate was prepared by homogenization in modified RIPA buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 5 μg/ml of aprotinin, 5 μg/ml of leupeptin. Cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined with Bio-Rad protein assay. The 293 lysate was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 5% β-mercaptoethanol.

PromoKine细胞生物学(Cell Biology)是在显微、亚显微和分子水平三个层次上，研究细胞的结构、功能和各种生命规律的一门科学。细胞生物学由细胞学发展而来，细胞学是关于细胞结构与功能(特别是染色体)的研究。现代细胞生物学从显微水平、超微水平和分子水平等不同层次研究细胞的结构、功能及生命活动。在我国基础学科发展规划中，细胞生物学与分子生物学、神经生物学和生态学并列为生命科学的四大基础学科。