Reduced graphene oxide is a form of graphene oxide that has had oxygen-containing groups removed in order to make the flakes more similar (in terms of properties) to pure graphene. The properties of the flakes vary with the degree of oxygen reduction -- the more a flake is reduced, the more similar it is to graphene than graphene oxide. Reduced graphene oxide can be made by taking graphene oxide, and either chemically reducing or thermally reducing it. Chemically-reduced graphene oxide retains more oxygen-containing functional groups compared to thermally-reduced graphene oxide. It also has the advantage of retaining the flake size and layer ratios of the initial graphene oxide, while having lower defect density than thermally-reduced graphene oxide. At Ossila, we sell chemically-reduced graphene oxide in two different flake sizes (0.1-1 μm and 1-100 μm), and thermally-reduced graphene oxide in one flake size (0.1-1 μm).

---

List of products	What is reduced graphene oxide?
Dispersion guides	Technical data and images
Publications	Related Products

---

 

Product List 

 

Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Powders

Product code	M921	M922
Flake Size	0.1-10 μm	1-100 μm
Flake Thickness	<1nm	<1nm
Purity	>99%	>99%
Packaging Information	Light resistant bottle	Light resistant bottle
MSDS

Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Powders

Product code	M951
Flake Size	0.1-1 μm
Flake Thickness	<1nm
Purity	>99%
Packaging Information	Light resistant bottle
MSDS

 

---

What is Reduced Graphene Oxide?

When produced, graphene oxide  typically has a wide array of different oxygen functional groups present: 1,2-epoxide and alcohol groups on the basal planes, and carboxyl and ketone groups at the edges. Graphene oxide can be readily dispersed in a range of solvents at high concentration, either for additive processing with other materials or for the processing of thick layers. However, graphene oxide does not have the same exceptional physical and electronic properties that make graphene unique. Regardless, graphene oxide can be reduced fully or partially to produce a graphene-like structure by removing the oxygen functional groups present.

Reduced graphene oxide can be tuned by varying the degree of reduction, either by using thermal reduction or various forms of chemical reduction. Thermal reduction typically produces a higher degree of reduction than chemical processes, giving higher electrical conductivity. However, due to the high temperatures involved, this can lead to damage of the individual flakes -- either through the breaking of flakes, or through the introduction of defects within the structure. On the other hand, chemical reduction allows for the retention of flake sizes of the graphene oxide used, as well as a lower defects density per flake.

 

---

Dispersion Guides

Chemically-reduced graphene oxide has significantly less oxygen-containing groups per flake, making the dispersibility of this material lower than graphene oxide, or nitrogen-doped graphene oxide. Reduced graphene oxide can be dispersed in polar solvents, such as water or DMF. At Ossila, we have found that the most stable solutions can be produced using the following recipe:

• Weigh out desired amount of material, this can go up to around 0.1 mg.ml^-1.
• Add 3:2 ratio of isopropyl alcohol to ethylene glycol.
• Shake vigorously to break up material.
• For chemically-reduced graphene oxide, use a mechanical agitator instead (as sonication may damage the flakes).
• For thermally-reduced graphene oxide, a prolonged treatment in an ultrasonic bath can help to break up and disperse the material.

 

---

Technical Data

 

General Information

CAS number	7782-42-5 (graphite)
Chemical formula	CxHyOz
Recommended Solvents	H2O, DMF
Synonyms	rGO, reduced graphene oxide, functionalised graphene
Classification / Family	2D semiconducting materials, Carbon nanomaterials, Graphene oxide, Graphene and graphene oxide, Nanomaterials, OLEDs, OPVs, OFETs, Organic electronics.

Product Images

 

---

Publications

• Large-area ultrathin films of reduced graphene oxide as a transparent and flexible electronic material, G. Eda et al., Nat. Nanotech. 3, 270 - 274 (2008); doi:10.1038/nnano.2008.83.
• Electronic Transport Properties of Individual Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets, C. Gómez-Navarro et al., Nano Lett., 7 (11), 3499–3503 (2007); DOI: 10.1021/nl072090c.
• Reduced Graphene Oxide Molecular Sensors, J. T. Robinson et al., Nano Lett., 8 (10), 3137–3140 (2008); DOI: 10.1021/nl8013007.
• Atomic Structure of Reduced Graphene Oxide, C. Gómez-Navarro et al., Nano Lett., 10 (4), 1144–1148 (2010); DOI: 10.1021/nl9031617.
• Determination of the Local Chemical Structure of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide, K. Erickson et al., Adv. Mater., 22, 4467–4472 (2010); DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000732.
• Graphene Oxide, Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide, and Graphene: Versatile Building Blocks for Carbon-Based Materials, O. C. Compton et al., small, 6 (6), 711–723 (2010); DOI: 10.1002/smll.200901934.
• Reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube hybrid film as high performance negative electrode for supercapacitor, X. Cui et al., Electrochimica Acta 169, 342–350 (2015); doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.074.
• Few-Layered SnS2 on Few-Layered Reduced Graphene Oxide as Na-Ion Battery Anode with Ultralong Cycle Life and Superior Rate Capability, Y. Zhang et al., Adv. Funct. Mater., 25, 481–489 (2015); DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201402833.
• Reduced Graphene Oxide Micromesh Electrodes for Large Area, Flexible, Organic Photovoltaic Devices, D. Konios et al., Adv. Funct. Mater., 25, 2213–2221 (2015); DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201404046.
• Thermally reduced graphene oxide films as flexible lateral heat spreaders, N-J. Song et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2, 16563 (2014); DOI: 10.1039/c4ta02693d.
• Supercapacitor performances of thermally reduced graphene oxide, B. Zhao et al., J. Power Sources, 198, 423-427 (2012); doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.09.074.
• Controlled ripple texturing of suspended graphene and ultrathin graphite membranes, W. Bao et al., Nanotechnol. 4, 562–566 (2009); doi:10.1038/nnano.2009.191.
• Thermally reduced graphene oxide-coated fabrics for flexible supercapacitors and self-powered systems, A. Ramadoss et al., Nano Energy, 15, 587-597 (2015); doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.05.009.
• Characteristics of thermally reduced graphene oxide and applied for dye-sensitized solar cell counter electrode, C-Y. Ho et al., Appl. Surf. Sci., 357, 147-154 (2015); doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.09.016.

  

 

---

  

To the best of our knowledge the technical information provided here is accurate. However, Ossila assume no liability for the accuracy of this information. The values provided here are typical at the time of manufacture and may vary over time and from batch to batch.

About Ossila Founded in 2009 by organic electronics research scientists, Ossila aims to provide the components, equipment, and materials to enable intelligent and efficient scientific research and discovery. Over a decade on, we're proud to supply our products to over 1000 different institutions in over 80 countries globally. With decades of academic and industrial experience in developing organic and thin-film LEDs, photovoltaics, and FETs, we know how long it takes to establish a reliable and efficient device fabrication and testing process. As such, we have developed coherent packages of products and services - enabling researchers to jump-start their organic electronics development program. The Ossila Guarantee Free Worldwide Shipping Eligible orders ship free to anywhere in the world Fast Secure Dispatch Rapid dispatch on in-stock items via secure tracked courier services Quality Assured Backed up by our free two year warranty on all equipment Clear Upfront Pricing Clear pricing in over 30 currencies with no hidden costs Large Order Discounts Save 8% on orders over $10,300.00 and 10% on orders over $12,900.00 Expert Support Our in-house scientists and engineers are always ready to help Trusted Worldwide Great products and service. Have already recommended to many people. Dr. Gregory Welch, University of Calgary Wonderful company with reasonably priced products and so customer-friendly! Shahriar Anwar, Arizona State University The Ossila Team Prof. David Lidzey - Chairman As professor of physics at the University of Sheffield, Prof. David Lidzey heads the university’s Electronic and Photonic Molecular Materials research group (EPMM). During his career, David has worked in both academic and technical environments, with his main areas of research including hybrid organic-inorganic semiconductor materials and devices, organic photonic devices and structures and solution processed photovoltaic devices. Throughout his academic career, he has authored over 220 peer-reviewed papers. Dr. James Kingsley - Managing Director James is a co-founder and managing director of Ossila. With a PhD in quantum mechanics/nanotech and over 12 years’ experience in organic electronics, his work on the fabrication throughput of organic photovoltaics led to the formation of Ossila and the establishment of a strong guiding ethos: to speed up the pace of scientific discovery. James is particularly interested in developing innovative equipment and improving the accessibility of new materials for solution-processable photovoltaics and hybrid organic-inorganic devices. Dr. Alastair Buckley - Technical Director Alastair is a lecturer of Physics at the University of Sheffield, specialising in organic electronics and photonics. He is also a member of the EPMM research group with a focus on understanding and applying the intrinsic advantages of functional organic materials to a range of optoelectronic devices. Alastair’s experience has not been gained solely in academia; he previously led the R&D team at MicroEmissive Displays and therefore has extensive technical experience in OLED displays. He is also the editor and contributor of "Organic Light-Emitting Diodes" by Elsevier. Our Research Scientists Our research scientists and product developers have significant experience in the synthesis and processing of materials and the fabrication and testing of devices. The vision behind Ossila is to share this experience with academic and industrial researchers alike, and to make their research more efficient. By providing products and services that take the hard work out of the device fabrication process, and the equipment to enable accurate, rapid testing, we can free scientists to focus on what they do best - science. Customer Care Team The customer care team is responsible for the customer journey at Ossila. From creating and providing quotes, through to procurement and inventory management, the customer care team is devoted to providing first class customer service. The general day to day responsibilities of a customer care team member involves processing customers orders and price queries, answering customer enquiries, arranging the shipment of parcels and notifying customers of updates on their orders. Collaborations and Partnerships Please contact the customer care team for all enquires, including technical questions about Ossila products or for advice on fabrication and measurement processes. Location and Facilities Ossila is based at the Solpro Business Park in Attercliffe, Sheffield. We operate a purpose-built synthetic chemistry and device testing laboratory on site, where all of our high-purity, batch-specific polymers and other formulations are made. This is complemented by a dedicated suite of thin-film and organic electronics testing and analysis tools within the device fabrication cluster housed in a class 1000 cleanroom in the EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility in Sheffield. All our electronic equipment is manufactured on-site.