Description:

ER stress (UPR) response is governed by three transmembrane sensors: PERK, IRE1 and ATF6.  These stress sensors control a complex ER-to-nucleus signaling pathway that transmits information across the ER membrane to an extensive gene-expression program.  Two major transcription factors for UPR are ATF4 and ATF6.  Both ATF4 and ATF6 belong to a basic leucine zipper ATF/CREB family, but have distinct functions UPR.  ATF6 is a type II transmembrane ER protein that is activated by proteolytic cleavage.  Active ATF6 translocates to the nucleus where it forms active homodimers or dimerizes with NF-Y and XBP1s and binds to promoter regions containing ATF/cAMP response elements (CREs) and/or ER Stress Elements (ERSE).  ATF4 belongs to PERK-eIF2-ATF4 axis and regulates the expression of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and transport functions, antioxidant stress responses, and apoptosis.  ATF4 induces both pro-survival (early) and pro-apoptotic (late) transcriptional programs. Prolonged or extreme ER stress uses ATF4 to upregulate proapoptotic protein C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP).  To distinguish the function of ATF4 and ATF6 in ER stress, Signosis has developed ATF4 /ATF6 ELISA kit for detecting and comparing ATF4 and ATF6 DNA binding activities for human, mouse and rat samples. Signosis基因表达  是利用来自基因的信息指导功能性基因产物合成的过程。这些产品通常是蛋白质。基因表达分析对于理解基因及其蛋白产物的功能，以及对影响基本生物学过程的复杂调控网络的清晰了解至关重要。Signosis  提供了许多用于基因表达研究的测定产品，包括用于监控由TF上调或下调的基因表达的cDNA板阵列，以及用于分析基因表达的单细胞PCR试剂盒，可直接分析细胞无需RNA分离即可进行裂解。 SARS-CoV-2实时PCR检测试剂盒单细胞基因表达分析印迹分析RNA的cDNA板阵列细胞裂解液的cDNA板阵列