Description:

ERstress(UPR)responseisgovernedbythreetransmembranesensors:PERK,IRE1andATF6. ThesestresssensorscontrolacomplexER-to-nucleussignalingpathwaythattransmitsinformationacrosstheERmembranetoanextensivegene-expressionprogram. TwomajortranscriptionfactorsforUPRareATF4andATF6. BothATF4andATF6belongtoabasicleucinezipperATF/CREBfamily,buthavedistinctfunctionsUPR. ATF6isatypeIItransmembraneERproteinthatisactivatedbyproteolyticcleavage. ActiveATF6translocatestothenucleuswhereitformsactivehomodimersordimerizeswithNF-YandXBP1sandbindstopromoterregionscontainingATF/cAMPresponseelements(CREs)and/orERStressElements(ERSE). ATF4belongstoPERK-eIF2-ATF4axisandregulatestheexpressionofgenesinvolvedinaminoacidbiosynthesisandtransportfunctions,antioxidantstressresponses,andapoptosis. ATF4inducesbothpro-survival(early)andpro-apoptotic(late)transcriptionalprograms.ProlongedorextremeERstressusesATF4toupregulateproapoptoticproteinC/EBPhomologousprotein(CHOP). TodistinguishthefunctionofATF4andATF6inERstress,SignosishasdevelopedATF4/ATF6ELISAkitfordetectingandcomparingATF4andATF6DNAbindingactivitiesforhuman,mouseandratsamples. Signosis基因表达  是利用来自基因的信息指导功能性基因产物合成的过程。这些产品通常是蛋白质。基因表达分析对于理解基因及其蛋白产物的功能，以及对影响基本生物学过程的复杂调控网络的清晰了解至关重要。Signosis  提供了许多用于基因表达研究的测定产品，包括用于监控由TF上调或下调的基因表达的cDNA板阵列，以及用于分析基因表达的单细胞PCR试剂盒，可直接分析细胞无需RNA分离即可进行裂解。 SARS-CoV-2实时PCR检测试剂盒单细胞基因表达分析印迹分析RNA的cDNA板阵列细胞裂解液的cDNA板阵列