Ampicillin trihydrate is a member of the extended spectrum β-lactam family and similar in structure to penicillin. Ampicillin resistance is frequently due to secretion of plasmid encoded ESBLs.
TOKU-E offers five forms of ampicillin:
In aqueous solution, ampicillin sodium is freely soluble (50 mg/mL). Ampicillin trihydrate is slightly soluble in water (10 mg/mL) and freely soluble in 1 N HCl (50 mg/mL). Ampicillin anhydrous is sparingly soluble in water and freely soluble in 1 N NH4OH (50 mg/mL). Ampicillin sodium is commonly used to select for successfully transformed bacteria. Ampicillin anhydrous (powder) is the most stable and pure form of ampicillin TOKU-E offers.
7177-48-2
C16H19N3O4S·3H2O
403.44
Like all β-lactams, ampicillin trihydrate interferes with PBP (penicillin binding protein) activity otherwise involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised ultimately leading to cell lysis.
≤30°C
2941.10.1000
Ampicillin trihydrate, EP targets non-ESBL (Extended Spectrum β-lactamase) bacteria including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species and medically important enteric pathogens such as Shigella and Salmonella. Interestingly, ampicillin has been found to be effective against certain β-lactam sensitive VRE or vancomycin resistant Enterococcus; a glycopeptide antibiotic resistant "superbug." Resistance to ampicillin is routinely utilized as a selectable marker to confirm successful cell transformation.
White crystalline powder
Semi-synthetic
12.0%-15.0%
3.5 -5.5
+280° to +305°
(On Dried Basis): 96.0-100.5%
≤0.5%
Dimethylaniline: ≤20ppm
Related Substances: ≤1.0%
