Type:Protein
SpeciesReactivity:H
B=Bovine;Ca=Cat;Ch=Chicken;D=Dog;EQ=Equine;GP=GuineaPig;H=Human;M=Mouse;P=Porcine;Pr=Primate;R=Rat;Rb=Rabbit;Y=Yeast;Xe=Xenopus;Ze=Zebrafish;;;;NA-NotApplicable;STP=Step-TactinProteins;AllThesecretedpolypeptidenoggin,encodedbytheNOGgene,bindsandinactivatesmembersofthetransforminggrowthfactor-beta(TGF-beta)superfamilysignalingproteins,suchasbonemorphogeneticprotein-4(BMP4).BydiffusingthroughextracellularmatricesmoreefficientlythanmembersoftheTGF-betasuperfamily,nogginmayhaveaprincipalroleincreatingmorphogenicgrADIents.Nogginappearstohavepleiotropiceffect,bothearlyindevelopmentaswellasinlaterstages.ItwasoriginallyisolatedfromXenopusbasedonitsABIlitytorestorenormaldorsal-ventralbodyaxisinembryosthathadbeenartificiallyventralizedbyUVtreatment.Theresultsofthemouseknockoutofnogginsuggestthatitisinvolvedinnumerousdevelopmentalprocesses,suchasneuraltubefusionandjointformation.Recently,severaldominanthumanNOGmutationsinunrelatedfamilieswithproximalsymphalangism(SYM1)andmultiplesynostosessyndrome(SYNS1)wereidentified;bothSYM1andSYNS1havemultiplejointfusionastheirprincipalfeature,andmaptothesameregion(17q22)asNOG.AllNOGmutationsalteredevolutionarilyconservedaminoacidresidues.TheaminoacidsequenceofhumannogginishighlyhomologoustothatofXenopus,ratandmouse.
BIOLOGicalActivity:
TheED50,calculatedbytheabilitytoinhibit5ng/mlofBMP-4inducedalkalinephosphataseproductionbyATCD-5chondrogeniccells<0.06µg/ml.
