Saporin containing a terminal azide group can be combined with an alkyne-containing molecule in a click chemistry reaction. Click chemistry describes a class of chemical reactions that uses bio-orthogonal or biologically unique moities to label and detect a molecule of interest using a two-step procedure. The two-step click reaction involves a copper-catalyzed triazole formation from an azide and an alkyne. The azide and alkyne moieties can be used interchangeably; either one can be used to tag the molecule of interest, while the other is used for subsequent detection. The azides and alkynes are biologically unique, stable, and extremely small.

Click chemistry can be used when methods such as direct labeling or the use of antibodies are not applicable or efficient. The click chemistry label is small enough that tagged molecules (e.g., nucleotides, sugars, and amino acids) are acceptable substrates for the enzymes that assemble these building blocks into biopolymers. The small size of click detection molecules allows them to easily penetrate complex samples, including intact, supercoiled DNA, with only mild permeabilization required.

The characteristics of click reactions include:

• • Efficiency:  the reaction between the detection moieties is complete in less than 1 hour and does not require extreme temperatures or solvents.

• • Stability:  the reaction product contains an irreversible, covalent bond.

• • Biologically inert:  the components of the reaction do not undergo any side reactions.

• • Specificity:  the reaction between the label and detection tag is selective and specific.

The click chemistry-labeled molecules can be applied to complex biological samples and easily detected with high sensitivity and low background, unlike traditional chemical reactions that use succinimidyl esters or maleimides that target amines and sulfhydryls, which are not unique functional groups.

Azido-ZAP eliminates molecules containing a free alkyne group. All other cells are left untouched. It is not suitable for retrograde transport.

This product is being offered as part of our Beta Testing program. It has saporin activity confirmed, peptide sequences published/confirmed, and/or antibody binding specificity published/confirmed. It has not been characterized or reported in scientific literature. The researcher who first publishes data* will receive a $500 credit for use on ATS products.

*Data subject to review by the scientific team at ATS. See complete details here.

Advanced Targeting Solutions（ATS）是一家位于圣地亚哥的生物技术公司，致力于为科学研究和药物开发提供高质量的靶向试剂。ATS被称为“萨波林人”，最初致力于为神经科学研究界提供研究工具。多年来，这些工具已用于科学研究和药物开发的所有领域。公司目前的产品线包括针对性毒素，抗体和定制服务，旨在帮助科学家研究系统功能，细胞功能，疾病和病症。ATS率先将靶向结合物用于“分子手术”技术。这些产品包括针对胆碱能性前脑神经元，去甲肾上腺素能和肾上腺素能神经元，巨噬细胞和小胶质细胞的特定损伤剂，以及能侵袭所有神经元上表达的抗原决定簇的泛神经元剂。此外，ATS还出售“次级结合物”，使用户可以将自己的靶向剂转化为特定的细胞毒性工具，并筛选抗体进行内在化。ATS已商业化，并提供了由Douglas Lappi博士开发和完善的Saporin技术平台的访问权限。拉皮博士与医学博士Ronald Wiley合作。在他们的学术实验室中，以验证使用主要的皂素结合物192-IgG-SAP来建立阿尔茨海默氏病模型。丹妮丝·希金斯（Denise Higgins）将她的业务专长和国际销售/营销经验带到了团队中，并将继续致力于将这一创新技术带给全球科学家。