Human Adiponutrin (ADPN) is a 53 kD adipokine protein belong to the PNPLA family of phospholipase A2 enzymes. The 481 amino acid human Adiponutrin is a type II transmembrane protein, consisting of the patatin domain (aa 10 - 179) with enzyme activity and a transmembrane segment (aa 42 - 62). Human and mouse adiponutrins share 61% homology in amino acid sequence. Adiponutrin is mainly expressed in adipocytes and serves as a triacylglycerol lipase that mediates triacylglycerol hydrolysis in adipocytes. Reports have shown that Adiponutrin plays an important role in the balance of energy usage/storage in adipocytes. Its expression level is enhanced in response to insulin. Studies by Dr Clement"s group have shown that in obese subjects, short- or long-term calorie restriction diets were associated with a reduction in Adiponutrin gene expression. Adiponutrin mRNA level was previously shown to be negatively correlated with fasting glucose plasma levels and associated with insulin sensitivity of non-diabetic obese and non-obese subjects. Reports from the same group have also shown a strong relationship between Adiponutrin expression, insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in human adipose tissue.Other names for Adiponutrin include PNPLA3 (patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3).RayBio^® Adiponutrin EIA kit targets the common sequence of human, mouse, and rat. This kit may be used to detect Adiponutrin expression in all these species with high specificity and sensitivity.