Recombinant Human SUMO1 Mutant K7R/K16R Protein, CF Summary

Product Datasheets

Carrier Free

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins.Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration.The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard.In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: SUMO1

Human Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier 1 (SUMO1), also known as Sentrin, UBL1, and SMT3C, is synthesized as a 101 amino acid (aa) propeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 11.5 kDa. Human SUMO1 is the most unique of the four identified SUMO proteins and shares only 44%, 47%, and 41% aa sequence identity with SUMO2, SUMO3, and SUMO4, respectively. In contrast, human SUMO1 shares 100% aa sequence identity with the mouse ortholog. SUMOs are a family of small, related proteins that can be enzymatically attached to a target protein by a post-translational modification process termed SUMOylation (1-3). All SUMO proteins share a conserved Ubiquitin domain and a C-terminal diglycine cleavage/attachment site. Following cleavage of a four aa C-terminal prosegment, the C-terminal glycine residue of SUMO1 is enzymatically attached to a lysine residue on a target protein. In humans, SUMO1 is conjugated to a variety of molecules in the presence of the SAE1/UBA2 SUMO-activating (E1) enzyme and the UBE2I/Ubc9 SUMO-conjugating (E2) enzyme (4,5). In yeast, the SUMO-activating (E1) enzyme is Aos1/Uba2p (6). SUMOylation can occur without the requirement of a specific SUMO ligase (E3), where SUMO1 is transferred directly from UBE2I/Ubc9 to specific substrates. In Alzheimer"s disease models SUMO1 has been shown to influence the generation of Amyloid-beta peptide by promoting the accumulation of BACE-1 (7). Covalent modification of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome (PTEN) by SUMO1 is thought to regulate tumorigenesis by retaining PTEN at the plasma membrane, an effect that suppresses PI 3-Kinase/Akt-dependent tumor growth (8).

Human SUMO-1 does not contain the exactpsi ΚXE consensus sequence found in SUMO-2 andSUMO-3. Within this motifpsirepresents a large hydrophobic amino acid (I, L, or V), K is the lysine that becomes modified, X is any residue and E is glutamic acid. Many known SUMO-1 conjugation sites occur within this consensus sequence, but SUMOylation also occurs on lysine residues located within non-consensus regions. SUMO-1 has been shown to form chains in vitro and in vivo, but often the linkage is uncharacterized, and the function of SUMO chains has not yet been fully elucidated. SUMO-1 multimerization in vitro has been shown to occur predominantly via lysines K7, K16 and K17. Mutation of lysines 7 and 16 to arginine is useful to investigate mono-SUMOylation requirements or to reduce poly-SUMO chain formation.

Related Research Areas

• NFkB Pathway
• Ubiquitin-like Modifiers (UBLs) and Regulators