HumaniPSCellLine(Episomal,CD34+,ApoE2):#iPS46
ProductDescription
Apolipoprotein(apo)E,apolymorphicproteinwith299aminoacids,hasimportantanddiversefunctionsinneuro
BIOLOGy.ApoEdistributeslipidsamongcellsinthecentralnervoussystemfornormallipidhomeostasisandparticipatesinneuronalrepairandremodeling.However,thethreemajorhumanisoforms(apoE2,apoE3,andapoE4)differintheir
ABIlitytoaccomplishthesetasks.HumanApoE2andApoE4differfromeachanotheronlyataminoacidresiduesatpositions112and158.ApoE2,thecommonisoform,hasCys112andCys158,whereasApoE4hasArg112andArg158.ApoE4,themajorknowngeneticriskfactorforAlzheimer’sdisease(AD),isassociatedwithanearlieronsetofADinagenedose-dependentmanner.Itmayalsocontributetoage-relatedshrinkingofthehippocampusandmemorydeficitsinhumans.Ofnote,thelifetimeriskestimateofdevelopingADbyage85is~65%inpeoplewithtwocopiesoftheAPOE-ε4allele,whichencodesapoE4,butonly~10%inpeoplewithtwocopiesoftheAPOE-ε3allele,whichencodesApoE3.ThisnotabledifferencehighlightstheimportanceofApoE4inthepathogenesisofAD.RecentstudiessuggestthatapoE4inhibitshippocampalneurogenesisbyimpairingneuronalmaturationmediatedbyGABAsignaling,ApoE4increasedAβproductioninhumanneuronsle
ADIngtoGABAergicinterneurondegeneration,whichcouldbedramaticallyamelioratedbytreatmentwithasmall-moleculeApoE4-structurecorrector.ThecommonAPOE2genevariantisneuroprotectiveagainstAlzheimer’sdisease(AD)andreducesriskbynearly50%.ConvertingApoE4toApoE2bygeneeditingrescuedthesephenotypes,indicatingthespecificeffectsofApoE4.NeuronsthatlackedAPOEbehavedsimilarlytothoseexpressingApoE3,andtheintroductionofApoE4expressionrecapitulatedthepathologicalphenotypes,suggestingagainoftoxiceffectsfromApoE4.TreatmentofApoE4-expressingneuronswithasmall-moleculestructurecorrectoramelioratedthedetrimentaleffects,thusshowingthatcorrectingthepathogenicconformationofApoE4isaviabletherapeuticapproachforApoE4-relatedAD.
ALSTEM’sfootprint-freehumaniPSC(inducedpluripotentstemcell)line(cat#iPS16)carriesAPOE-ε4inbothalleles,andwasusedforgeneratinganisogeniciPSCline(cat#iPS46)withAPOE-ε2inbothallelesbychangingArg112toCys112andArg158toCys158.SequencingresultsconfirmedthatthisiPSClinehasastablehomozygousconversionwithCys112(TGC)fromArg112(CGC)andCys158(TGC)fromArg158(CGC)intheAPOEgene.ThemorphologyofthishumaniPSClineisidenticaltothatofhumanEScells.Thecellsalsoexpressthepluripotency
MarkersTRA-1-60,SSEA-3andOct4,anddemonstratestrongendogenousalkalinephosphataseactivity.
ALSTEM’shumaniPS(inducedpluripotentstem)celllines(cat#iPS16,iPS26,iPS36andiPS46)areisogenic.LinesiPS26(ApoE3),iPS36(ApoE-KO)andiPS46(ApoE2)arederivedfromlineiPS16(ApoE4).Theselineshavesamegeneticbackground,andaregoodcandidatesforstudyingAD-relatedpathologiesinneuronsinducedspecificallybyApoE4,aswellasfordrugdiscovery.
DataAnalysis
Figure1.ThesequencingresultsshowedthisiPSCline(cat#iPS46)hadconvertedArg112(CGC)toCys112(TGC)withasilencemutation(CtoA)inbothalleles.
Figure2.ThesequencingresultsshowedthisiPSCline(cat#iPS46)hadconvertedArg158(CGC)toCys158(TGC)withasilencemutation(GtoA)inoneallele.
| ProductSpecifications |
| ProductName | HumaniPSCellLine(Episomal,CD34+,ApoE2) |
| Catalog# | iPS46 |
| Size | >2x105cells/vial |
| Shipping | DryIce |
| StorageandStability | Storeingasphaseofliquidnitrogenimmediatelyuponreceipt.Thisproductisstablefor6monthswhenstoredasdirected. |
| QualityControl | HumaniPScellsweregrowninfeederfreeconditionswithmTeSR1medium.EachlotofhumaniPScellsistestedforgrowthandviabilityfollowingrecoveryfromcryopreservation.Inaddition,eachlotistestedforexpressionofTRA-1-60andOct4,aswellastheactivityofalkalinephosphatase. |
| SafetyPrecaution | ALSTEMhighlyrecommendsthatprotectivegloves,alabcoat,andafull-facemaskalwaysbewornwhenhandlingfrozenvials.Itisimportanttonotethatsomeliquidnitrogencanleakintothevialswhensubmersedinliquidnitrogen.Uponthawing,theliquidnitrogenreturnstothegasphase,resultinginexcessivepressurewithinthevialthatcancausethevialtoexplodeorexpelthecapwithdangerousforce. |
| RestrictedUse | ForResearchUseOnly.Notforuseindiagnosticortherapeuticprocedures. |
| Protocol |  Download |
ThisprotocolcanbeusedforculturinghumaniPScells.Footprint-freehumaniPScellsweregeneratedbytransientlyintroducingepisomalplasmidsencodingthehumantranscriptionfactorsintohumanperipheralbloodmononuclearcells.Thecellswerederivedusingmorphologicalselectioncriteriaandwithouttheuseoffluorescentmarkersordrugselection.WhenculturedunderstandardhumanEScellcultureconditions,themorphologyoffootprint-freehumaniPScellsisidenticaltothatofhumanEScells.ThecellsalsoexpressthepluripotencymarkersTRA-1-60andOct4,anddemonstrateastrongendogenousAPactivity.
I.Feederfreecultureconditions
Preparationoffeeder-freemedium
- ThawmTeSR15XSupplement(Cat.no.05850,STEMCELLTechnologies)atroomtemperatureorovernightat4°C.
- Addthe100mLofthawed5XSupplementto400mLBasalMediumforatotalvolumeof500mLaseptically.Mixwellandfilterthrougha0.2μm,low-proteinbindingfilter,ifdesired.
- Aliquotintoappropriateamountaccordingtousageandstorethealiquotsat4°C.
CoatingplateswithMatrigel
Matrigel(Cat.no.354277,BD)shouldbealiquotedandstoredat-80°Cforlong-termuse.
- Thawmatrigeloniceuntilliquid.Dilutematrigel1:30to1:50withpre-chilledKODMEM/F12.
- Immediatelyusethedilutedmatrigelsolutiontocoattissueculture-treatedplates.Fora6-wellplate,use1mLofdilutedmatrigelsolutionperwell,andswirltheplatetospreadthematrigelsolutionevenlyacrossthesurface.
- Letthecoatedplatestandfor1hat37°Corovernightat4°C.Ifplatehasbeenstoredat4°C,allowtheplatetoincubateat37°Cforatleast30minutesbeforeremovingthematrigelsolution.
ThawingcryopreservedhumaniPScells
- QuicklythawthehumaniPScellsina37°Cwaterbathbygentlyshakingthecryovialcontinuouslyuntilhalfthawed.Removethecryovialfromthewaterbathandspraywith70%ethanoltosterilize.
- Transferthecontentsofthecryovialtoa15mLconicaltube.Add5mLwarmmTeSR1dropwisetothetube,gentlymixingasthemediumisadded.
- Centrifugecellsat200xgfor5minutesatroomtemperature.
- Aftercentrifugation,aspiratethemediumfrom15mLtube.GentlyresUSPendthecellpelletin2mLmTeSR1with5µMROCKinhibitor,takingcaretomaintainthecellsassmallcellclumps.
- Removethematrigelsolutionfromacoatedtissueculture6-wellplate.Transferthemediumcontainingthecellclumpstothematrigelcoated6-wellplate.
- Placetheplateintothe37°Cincubatorandmovetheplateinquicksidetoside,forwardtobackmotionstoevenlydistributetheclumpswithinthewells.Culturethecellsat37°C,with5%CO2and95%humidity.
- Changemediumdaily.Checkforundifferentiatedcoloniesthatarereadytopassagewhencoloniesarebigenough(approximately7-10daysafterthawing).
PassaginghumaniPScellsgrownunderfeeder-freeconditions
- Useamicroscopetoidentifyregionsofdifferentiation.Markthedifferentiatedcoloniesusinglensmarkeronthebottomoftheplate.
- RemoveregionsofdifferentiationbyscrapingwithaPipettetiporbyaspiration.
- AspiratemediumfromthehumaniPScellcultureandrinsewithDPBS(2mL/well).
- Add1mLperwellofEZStemEnzyme-FreeStemCellDissociationSolution(cat.no.M100,ALSTEM),andincubateat37°Cfor2-3minutes.Oradd0.5mLperwellofaccutase(Cat.no.SCR005,Millipore,diluted1:1withDPBSbeforeuse),andincubateat37°Cfor1minute.
- RemoveEZStemEnzyme-FreeStemCellDissociationSolutionoraccutase,gentlyrinseeachwell2-3timeswith2mLofDMEM/F-12perwellandtransferthedetachedcellaggregatestoa15mLconicaltube.
- Add2mL/wellmTeSR1andscrapecoloniesoffwithacelllifter.Transferthedetachedcellaggregatestoa15mLconicaltube.
- Rinsethewellwithanadditional2mLmTeSR1tocollectanyremainingaggregates.Addtherinsetothe15mLtube.
- Centrifugethe15mLtubecontainingtheaggregatesat200xgfor5minutesatroomtemperature.
- Aspiratethesupernatant.ResuspendpelletinmTeSR1containing5µMROCKinhibitorbygentlypipettingandensurethatcellsaremaintainedasaggregates.
- PlatethehumaniPScellaggregateswithmTeSR1inanewplatecoatedwithmatrigel.(Removematrigelsolutionbeforeplating).
Note:Ifthecoloniesareatanoptimaldensity,thecellscanbesplitevery5-7daysusing1:3to1:6ratios.
- Placetheplateintothe37°Cincubatorandmovetheplateinquicksidetoside,forwardtobackmotionstoevenlydistributetheclumpswithinthewells.Culturethecellsat37°C,with5%CO2and95%humidity.
- Changemediumdaily.
CryopreservinghumaniPScells
- PrepareEZStemfreezingmedium(Cat.no.M050,ALSTEM)onice.
- Performsteps1-8fromPassaginghumaniPScellsgrownunderfeeder-freeconditions.
- Gentlyaspiratethesupernatantandloosenthecellpelletbytappingthebottomofthetube.
- Gentlyresuspendthepelletinfreezingmedium,takingcaretoleavetheclumpslargerthanthatwouldnormallybedoneforpassaging.
- Transfer1mLofclumpsinfreezingmediumintoeachlabeledcryogenicvial.
- Placevialsintoafreezingcontainerandplacethecontainerat-80°Covernight.
- Transfertoaliquidnitrogentanknextday.
II.Feeder-dependentcultureconditions
PreparationofhumanESmedium
KnockoutDMEM/F12containing20%knockoutserumreplacement,2mMglutamine,0.1mMnonessentialaminoacids,0.1mM2-mercaptoethanol,10ng/mlbFGF,and50Uand50µg/mlpenicillinandstreptomycin.
ThawingcryopreservedhumaniPScells
Toinsurethehighestlevelofviability,besuretowarmmediumto37°Cbeforeusingonthecells.DuetothelowsurvivalrateofcryopreservedhumaniPScells,therecoveryisexpectedtotakeatleastoneweek.
- QuicklythawthehumaniPScellsina37°Cwaterbathbygentlyshakingthecryovialcontinuouslyuntilhalfthawed.Removethecryovialfromthewaterbathandspraywith70%ethanoltosterilize.
- Transferthecontentsofthecryovialtoa15mLconicaltube.Add5mLwarmhumanESmediumdropwisetothetube,gentlymixingasthemediumisadded.
- Centrifugecellsat200xgfor5minutesatroomtemperature.
- Whilecentrifuging,removeMEFmediumfromthefeedercellplates,andwashthewellstwicewithKnockoutDMEM/F12.Thenadd1mlofhumanESMediumwith5µMROCKinhibitor(Y-27632,StemRD)toonewellof6-wellplate.
- Aftercentrifugation,aspiratethemediumfrom15mLtube.Gentlyresuspendthecellpelletin1mLfreshhumanESmediumcontaining5µMROCKinhibitor(Y-27632),takingcaretomaintainthecellsassmallcellclumps.
- Transferthemediumcontainingthecellclumpstoonewellof6-wellplatewithMEFfeedercells.
- Placetheplateintothe37°Cincubatorandmovetheplateinquicksidetoside,forwardtobackmotionstoevenlydistributetheclumpswithinthewells.Culturethecellsat37°C,with5%CO2and95%humidity.
- Changemediumdaily.Checkforundifferentiatedcoloniesthatarereadytopassagewhencoloniesarebigenough(approximately7-10daysafterthawing).
PassaginghumaniPScellsgrownunderfeeder-dependentconditions
- Aspiratethemediumandwashthecellstwicewith1mlofPBS.
- RemovePBScompletely,add0.5mlofAccutase(Cat.no.SCR005,Millipore,diluted1:1withDPBSbeforeuse)andincubatefor1-2minat37°C.
- Tapthebottomoftheplatetodislodgethecellsfromthebottomoftheplate.Thenaspiratetheaccutase.
- Add1mlofDMEM/F12totheplateandcarefullywashthefeedercells,andaspiratethemedium.Repeat.
- Add1mlofhumanESmediumcontaining5µMROCKinhibitortotheplateandsuspendthecellcoloniesbygentlypipettingupanddown.Itisimportantnottobreakupthecoloniesintosinglecells.
- RemoveaplateofMEFfeedercellsfromtheincubator.AspiratetheMEFmedium.WashoncewithKODMEM/F12medium.
- Distribute0.2-0.3mlofthehumaniPScellsuspensiontoeachwellofa6-wellplate.
- Add1mLhumanESmediumtotheoriginalwellandscrapecoloniesoffwithacelllifter.
- Distribute0.2-0.3mlofthehumaniPScellsuspensiontoeachwellofa6-wellplate.
- AddhumanESmediumwithROCKinhibitortoafinalvolumeof2mlperwell.RightafterplatingtheiPScells,gentlyswirltheplateback-and-forthandside-to-sideandincubateat37°C.
Note:Ifthecoloniesareatanoptimaldensity,thecellscanbesplitevery5-7daysusing1:3to1:6ratios.
- After24hours,removethemediaandreplacewithhumanESmedia(withoutROCKinhibitor).
- ThehumanESmediamustbechangedeverydayandhumaniPScellssubculturedevery5-7days.Trackthepassagenumberofthecells.
CryopreservinghumaniPScells
- PrepareEZStemfreezingmedium(Cat.no.M050,ALSTEM)onice.
- Performsteps1-6fromPassaginghumaniPScellsgrownunderfeeder-dependentconditions.
- Transferthedetachedcellaggregatestoa15mLconicaltube.
- Add1mLhumanESmediumandscrapecoloniesoffwithacelllifter.
- Transferthecellsuspensiontothe15mLconicaltube.
- Centrifugethe15mLtubecontainingtheaggregatesat200xgfor5minutesatroomtemperature.
- Gentlyaspiratethesupernatantandloosenthecellpelletbytappingthebottomofthetube.
- Gentlyresuspendthepelletinfreezingmedium,takingcaretoleavetheclumpslargerthanthatwouldnormallybedoneforpassaging.
- Transfer1mLofclumpsinfreezingmediumintoeachlabeledcryogenicvial.
- Placevialsintoanisopropanolfreezingcontainerandplacethecontainerat-80°Covernight.
- Transfertoaliquidnitrogentanknextday.
Alstembio原代细胞通常在培养中只能经历有限数量的细胞分裂，然后进入复制衰老，在那里它们不再分裂。科学家需要经常从组织中重建新鲜的培养物，这可能是乏味的，并且会增加从一种制剂到另一种制剂的变异性。来源于原代细胞的永生化细胞可以超过正常的细胞衰老并具有扩展的复制能力。永生化细胞更易于培养和维护，因此对细胞生物学的研究非常有用，从而使科学家能够通过研究项目使用相同的一致细胞进行纵向研究。存在几种在培养条件下使哺乳动物细胞永生化的方法。猿猴病毒40（SV40）T抗原可以在受感染的细胞中诱导端粒酶活性，并且已被证明是使许多不同细胞类型永生化的最简单，最可靠的药物。细胞永生化的最新发现方法是通过表达端粒酶逆转录酶蛋白（TERT）。这种方法对于受端粒长度影响最大的细胞（包括许多人类细胞类型）特别有用。在大多数体细胞中，TERT通常是沉默的。这些细胞可以通过在外源引入hTERT时保持足够的端粒长度来避免复制性衰老。但是，在某些细胞类型（特别是在上皮细胞中）中hTERT的过表达不能诱导细胞永生化。Alstem同时提供SV40和hTERT细胞永生化套件，请参阅下面的订购信息。
