Poly(N,N'-bis-4-butylphenyl-N,N'-bisphenyl)benzidine, also known as polyTPD, is an excellent hole transport layer material used in photovoltaics such as perovskite solar cells. It has also proven polyTPD is a promising candidate HTL in multilayer WPLEDs because its HOMO level 5.2 eV is very close to the work function of the indium tin oxide ITO/PEDOT:PSS anode.

As the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of polyTPD matches well with the VB of the perovskite, which allows for a good transport of holes towards the polyTPD, it is a popular semiconducting material candidate that is used in the HTL of the perovskite structures. And also as the LUMO of polyTPD is significantly closer to vacuum compared with that of the perovskite CB, polyTPD efficiently blocks the flow of electrons [5].

Like PTAA, polyTPD is one of the family members of poly(triaryl)amines.

General Information

CAS number	472960-35-3
Chemical formula	(C22H21N)n
Molecular weight	See batch information above
HOMO / LUMO	HOMO 5.2 eV LUMO 2.3 eV [1]
Recommended solvents	M521: Chlorobenzene M522/M523: Toluene, THF, Chloroform, Chlorobenzene
Synonyms	Poly[N,N’-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N’-bisphenylbenzidine] Poly(4-butylphenyldiphenylamine), polytpd
Classification / Family	Poly(triarylamines), Organic semiconducting materials, Hole transport layer materials (HTL), Electron block layer material (EBL), Organic Photovoltaics, Polymer Solar Cells, Light-emitting Diodes, Quantun Dot Light-emitting Diodes, OFETs and Perovskite hole transport layer materials.

Chemical Structure

Device Structure(s)

Device structure	ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK:polyTPD (1:1 wt%) 50 nm/PFO:MEH-PPV*(95.5:0.5 wt%) 70 nm/Ca/Al [4]
Colour	White
Max. Luminance	~ 5,000 cd/m2
Max. Current Efficiency	3.15 cd/A

Device structure	ITO/P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) (1000 nm)/poly-TPD:F4TCNQ (7%, 70 nm)/ PVK:OXD-7:Ir(ppy)3 (150 nm)/TmPyPB (40 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (150 nm) [7]
Colour	Green
Max. Luminance	13,800 cd/m2
Max. Current Efficiency	76.2 cd/A
Max. Power Efficiency	17.1 lm W−1

Device structure	ITO/PEDOT:PSS (30 nm)/poly-TPD(40 nm)/ DNA-CTMA*(20 nm)/ PFO:MEH-PPV (70 nm)/Cs2CO3(1 – 2 nm)/Al [2]
Colour	White
Max. Luminance	10,500 cd/m2
Max. Current Efficiency	10 cd/A

*For chemical structure informations please refer to the cited references

Device structure	ITO/polyTPD/CH3NH3PbI3/ PCBM/C60/BCP/Ag [6]	ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/ PCBM/C60/BCP/Ag [6]
JSC (mA cm-2)	22.0	11.3
VOC (V)	1.0 (1.1a)	0.79
FF (%)	69.7	62.7
PCE (best)	15.3	5.58

PolyTPD as a HTL to compare with PDOT:PSS a) 1.0 V in the supporting information and 1.1 V in the body txt of the cited lit. [6]

MSDS Documentation

PolyTPD MSDS sheet

Pricing

Batch	Quantity	Price
M523/M524	100 mg	£189.00
M523/M524	250 mg	£378.00
M523/M524	500 mg	£616.00
M523/M524	1 g	£977.00

Batch information

Batch	Mw	Mn	PDI	Stock info
M521	100-150 kDa			Out of Stock
M522	44,797	25,374	1.77	Discontinued
M523	80,000	22,900	3.5	In Stock
M524	52,000	20,800	2.5	In Stock

Literature and Reviews

1. Bright, multicoloured light-emitting diodes based on quantum dots, Q. Sun et al., Nat. Photonics, 1, 717 - 722 (2007); doi:10.1038/nphoton.2007.226.
2. Multilayer white polymer light-emitting diodes with deoxyribonucleic acid-cetyltrimetylammonium complex as a hole-transporting/electronblocking layer, Q. Sun et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 251108 (2008); doi: 10.1063/1.2948864.
3. Electro-optics of perovskite solar cells, Q. Lin et al., Nat. Photonics, 9, 106–112 (2015); doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.284.
4. Enhanced performance of white polymer light-emitting diodes using polymer blends as hole-transporting layers, Q. Sun et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, 153501 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2360248.
5. Perovskite solar cells employing organic charge-transport layers, O. Malinkiewicz et al., Nat. Photonics 8, 128–132 (2014); doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.341.
6. High-Efficiency Solution-Processed Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with a Polymer Hole Transport Layer, D. Zhao et al., Adv. Energy Mater., 5, 1401855 (2015); DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201401855.
7. Solution-Processed Highly Efficient Alternating CurrentDriven Field-Induced Polymer Electroluminescent Devices Employing High- k Relaxor Ferroelectric Polymer Dielectric, Y. Chen et al., Adv. Funct. Mater., 24, 1501–1508 (2014); DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201302587.
8. Pure Formamidinium-Based Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes with High Efficiency and Low Driving Voltage, L. Meng et al., Adv. Mater., 29, 1603826 (2017); DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603826.

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To the best of our knowledge the technical information provided here is accurate. However, Ossila assume no liability for the accuracy of this information. The values provided here are typical at the time of manufacture and may vary over time and from batch to batch.

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