Formamidinium lead iodide shows a narrower bandgap than the commonly used methylammonium lead iodide (1.48 eV compared to ~1.57 eV), and hence lies closer to that favourable for optimum solar conversion efficiencies. With an approach of FAPbI3 crystallisation by the direct intramolecular exchange of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) molecules intercalated in PbI2 with formamidinium iodide, device with performance over 20% has been fabricated.
General Information
| CAS number | 879643-71-7 |
| Chemical formula | CH5IN2 |
| Molecular weight | 171.97 g/mol |
| Synonyms | FAI, Formamidine hydroiodide |
| Classification / Family | Perovskite precursor materials, Perovskite solar cells, OLEDs |
Product Details
| Purity | M552: 98% M551: >99.5% (further purified by double recrystalisation from 98% grade in ethanol) |
Melting point | 242 °C |
| Colour | White powder/crystals |
Chemical Structure
Applications
Formamidinium lead iodide shows a narrower bandgap than the commonly used methylammonium lead iodide (1.48 eV compared to ~1.57 eV), and hence lies closer to that favourable for optimum solar conversion efficiencies [1]. Spin-coating the formamidinium iodide (FAI) plus PbI2 precursor solution in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) initially resulted in discontinuous perovskite films. However, by adding a small amount of hydroiodic acid (HI) to the stoichiometric FAI, extremely uniform and continuous films were formed.
Controlled humidity is another deciding factor that affects the film morphology, crystallinity, and optical and electrical properties of FAPbI3 [2]. 16.6% PCE was achieved with low relative humidity of 2%, with the device efficiency dropped to about half (8.6%) when the humidity was 40%.Low-volatility additives such as FACl and MACl are good candidates for assisting in the crystallisation of phase pure α-FAPbI3 via the formation of intermediate mixtures, which prohibits the crystallisation of the δ-FAPbI3 phase [3]. It also has been observed that the black perovskite-type polymorph (α-phase), which is stable at relatively high temperatures (above 160 oC), turned into the yellow FAPbI3 polymorph (δ-phase) in an ambient humid atmosphere. Results show that incorporation of MAPbBr3 into FAPbI3 stabilises the perovskite phase of FAPbI3 and improves the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell to more than 18% under a standard illumination of 100 mW/cm2 [4].
With an approach of FAPbI3 crystallisation by the direct intramolecular exchange of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) molecules intercalated in PbI2 with formamidinium iodide, device with performance over 20% has been fabricated [5].
| Device structure | FTO/TiO2/FAPbIBr2/spiro-OMeTAD/Au [1] |
| JSC (mA cm-2) | 23.3 |
| VOC (V) | 0.94 |
| FF (%) | 65 |
| PCE (%) | 14.2 |
| Device structure | FTO/TiO2/(FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15/PTAA/Au [4] |
| JSC (mA cm-2) | 22.5 |
| VOC (V) | 1.11 |
| FF (%) | 73.2 |
| PCE (%) | 18.4 |
| Device structure | FTO/bl-TiO2/mp-TiO2/FAPbI3 (DMSO)/PTAA/Au [5] |
| JSC (mA cm-2) | 24.7 |
| VOC (V) | 1.06 |
| FF (%) | 77.5 |
| PCE (%) | 20.2 |
MSDS Documentation
Formamidinium iodide MSDS sheet
Pricing
| Grade | Order Code | Quantity | Price |
| 98% purity | M552 | 5 g | £99.00 |
| 98% purity | M552 | 10 g | £169.00 |
| 98% purity | M552 | 25 g | £229.00 |
| >99.5% purity | M551 | 5 g | £156.00 |
| >99.5% purity | M551 | 10 g | £249.00 |
Literature and reviews
- Formamidinium lead trihalide: a broadly tunable perovskite for efficient planar heterojunction solar cells, G. E. Eperon et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 7, 982-988 (2014), DOI: 10.1039/C3EE43822H.
- Controlled Humidity Study on the Formation of Higher Efficiency Formamidinium Lead Triiodide-Based Solar Cells, S. Wozny et al., Chem. Mater., 27 (13), 4814–4820 (2015), DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01691.
- Additive-Modulated Evolution of HC(NH2)2PbI3 Black Polymorph for Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells, Z. Wang et al., Chem. Mater., 27 (20), 7149–7155 (2015), DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b03169.
- Compositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells, N. Jeon et al., Nature 517, 476–480 (2015), doi:10.1038/nature14133.
- High-performance photovoltaic perovskite layers fabricated through intramolecular exchange,W-S. Yang et al., Science, 348 (6240), 1234-1237 (2015). DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa9272.
- Temperature dependence of hole conductor free formamidinium lead iodide perovskite based solar cells, S. Aharon et al., J. Mater. Chem. A., 3, 9171-9178 (2015), DOI: 10.1039/C4TA05149A.
- High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells Based on the Black Polymorph of HC(NH2)2PbI3, J-W. Lee et al., Adv. Mater., 26: 4991–4998 (2014). doi:10.1002/adma.201401137.
- Efficient hole-conductor-free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with a broad light harvester NH2CH=NH2PbI3, M. Hu et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2, 17115-17121 (2014), DOI: 10.1039/C4TA03741C.
To the best of our knowledge the technical information provided here is accurate. However, Ossila assume no liability for the accuracy of this information. The values provided here are typical at the time of manufacture and may vary over time and from batch to batch.
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