Details:
Tested Applications	WB
Target Information	RPB4 is a 32kDa subunit of RNA Polymerase II
Product Format	Ascites
Alternate Names	B32, DNA-directed RNA polymerase II 32 kDa polypeptide, RNA polymerase II subunit B4
Clone	2Y14
Host	Mouse
Isotype	IgG1
Immunogen	Recombinant Protein
Epitope	Unknown
Relevance	Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB4 is part of a subcomplex with RPB7 that binds to a pocket formed by RPB1, RPB2 and RPB6 at the base of the clamp element. The RBP4-RPB7 subcomplex seems to lock the clamp via RPB7 in the closed conformation thus preventing double stranded DNA from entering the active site cleft. The RPB4-RPB7 subcomplex binds single-stranded DNA and RNA. The RPB4-RPB7 subcomplex is necessary for promoter-directed transcription initiation but is not required for recruitment of Pol II to active preinitiation complexes and seems to be dispensable for transcription elongation and termination. The RPB4-RPB7 subcomplex recruits FCP1 to Pol II. Involved in DNA repair of damage in the transcribed strand. RPB4 is dispensable under optimal growth conditions, but becomes essential during heat or cold shock and under nutrient depletion. Suppresses the RBP9-mediated transcription-coupled repair (TCR) subpathway of nucleotide excision repair (NER) but facilitates the RAD26-mediated TCR subpathway. Under stress conditions only, involved in mRNA export to the cytoplasm. Involved in mRNA decay. Promotes or enhances the deadenylation process of specific mRNAs and may recruit PAT1 and the LSM1-7 complex to these mRNAs, thus stimulating their decapping and further decay.
Specificity	Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) RNA Pol II
Reported Reactivity	None
Reported Applications	Unknown

Camelid VHH Antibody Services NeoClone is fast becoming a leader in the single domain antibody library field. We offer a wide range of unique services, including construction of immunized single domain antibody libraries using our llamas, bio-panning of naïve or immunized single domain antibody libraries and large scale production of single domain antibodies (SdAb). NeoClone's services include the generation and production of target-specific SdAb from either a naïve llama (camelid) VHH library or a custom immunized llama antibody phage display library. Following serial rounds of bio-panning against your target of interest, we use a proprietary selection procedure to identify the phage containing the target-specific VHH binding domain. The individual VHH antibody phage display genes that recognize your target are subcloned to provide multiple target-specific VHH antibodies in order to choose those with the highest affinity. From these isolated genes, the recombinant SdAb proteins are expressed and purified in vitro. Each recombinant VHH SdAb can be characterized and qualified for functionality in assays of your choice, including western blot, ELISA, immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry. Llama VHH (SdAb) background The llama is a member of the camelidae family, which also includes alpacas and camels. In additional to conventional IgG, these animals produce subclasses IgG2 and IgG3, functional single chained antibodies that are capable of antigen binding. Referred to as VHH antibodies, these antibodies consist of only two heavy chains connected by several disulphide bonds in the hinge region. They lack the light chains and functional CH1 and CH4 domains. These heavy chain antibodies are being used to develop single domain antibodies. The single domain nature of these antibodies provide unique advantages which set them apart for research, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Some of these advantages include: stability at high temperatures and pH VHHs can recognize antigenic sites that are normally not recognized by conventional antibodies their small molecular size helps with rapid tissue penetration and labeling applications, including crossing the blood-brain barrier cheaper alternative for large scale production A major roadblock to the development of immunotherapy has been the size of conventional antibodies; past a critical point the antibody is often unable to reach its target. The camelid heavy chain antibodies present advantages over common antibodies in the design, production, and application of clinically valuable reagents. Screening our Naïve Llama VHH Library NeoClone’s naïve camelid phage display single domain antibody library was developed from the PBMC of numerous llamas in order to broaden the diversity of the VHH genes generated in their combined immune responses. We can screen this library for your target quickly and move forward into developing a robust VHH antibody for you. Custom Llama VHH Library Creation We have upgraded our custom antibody capabilities to include the construction of immunized llama single domain antibody libraries that are based on phage display technology. In comparison with naïve libraries, immunized libraries usually produce a much more diverse panel of antibodies, and of even greater affinity, to your specific target of interest. We are adept at cloning the single domain antibody repertoire from PBMC of immunized llamas into our phage display vectors. By reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction, a library of single domain antibodies containing 10-100 million clones can be produced. This library will be enriched for your target, increasing the chances of getting just the right clone for your research, diagnostic or therapeutic need. If you would like additional information or are interested in beginning a camelid VHH antibody project with us, please call us at (608)260-8190 or send us an email at info@neoclone.com.