Description | Amiloride(hydrochloride)isarelativelyselectiveinhibitoroftheepithelialsodiumchannel(ENaC),usedinthemanagementofhypertensionandcongestiveheartfailure. |
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InVitro | AmilorideblocksδβγchannelswithanIC50of2.6μM.TheKiofamilorideforδβγENaCis26-foldthatofαβγchannels(0.1μMforαβγENaC).AmilorideblockadeofδβγENaCismuchmorevoltagedependentcomparedwiththeαβγchannel.TheKiofamilorideforδαβγchannelsis920and13.7μMat−120and+80mV,respectively,whichsignificantlydiffersfromthatofbothαβγandδβγchannels[1].Amilorideisarelativelyselectiveinhibitoroftheepithelialsodiumchannel(ENaC)withanIC50(theconcentrationrequiredtoreach50%inhibitionofanionchannel)intheconcentrationrangeof0.1to0.5μM.AmilorideisarelativelypoorinhibitorofthetheNa+/H+exchanger(NHE)withanIC50aslowas3μMinthepresenceofalowexternal[Na+]butashighas1mMinthepresenceofahigh[Na+].AmilorideisanevenweakerinhibitoroftheNa+/Ca2+exchanger(NCX),withanIC50of1mM.Amiloride(1μM)andsubmicromolardosesofBenzamil(30nM),dosesknowntoinhibittheENaC,inhibitthemyogenicvasoconstrictionresponsetoincreasingperfusionpressurebyblockingtheactivityofENaCproteins.AmiloridecompletelyinhibitsNa+influxindosesknowntoberelativelyspecificforENaC(1.5μM)invascularsmoothmusclecells(VSMC)[2]. |
InVivo | Amiloride(1mg/kg/day)subcutaneouslyisfoundtoreversetheinitialincreasesincollagendepositionandpreventanyfurtherincreasesintheDOCA-salthypertensiverat.Amiloridedelaystheonsetofproteinuriaandimprovedbrainandkidneyhistologicscoresinthesaline-drinking,stroke-pronespontaneouslyhypertensiverats(SHRSP)comparedwithcontrols.Amilorideantagonizesorpreventsactionsofaldosteroneinthesecellsandincardiovascularandrenaltissuesinanimalswithsalt-dependentformsofhypertension[2]. |
ClinicalTrial | ViewMoreCollapse |
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MolecularWeight | 266.09 | ||||||||||||
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Formula | C₆H₉Cl₂N₇O | ||||||||||||
CASNo. | 2016-88-8 | ||||||||||||
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Shipping | RoomtemperatureincontinentalUS;mayvaryelsewhere | ||||||||||||
Solvent&Solubility | DMSO:≥90mg/mL *"<1 mg/ml"="" means="" slightly="" soluble="" or="" insoluble.="" "≥"="" means="" soluble,="" but="" saturation="">1> Purity:>98.0%
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