- Antibacterial.
- Human collagen I synthesis inducer. Anti-wrinkle activity.
- Shows wound healing activity. Enhances normal human skin cell migration, attachment and growth.
- Suppresses collagen expression and TGF-β/Smad signaling by inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII.
- Anti-inflammatory. Anti-gastric ulcer.
- Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOSII) expression, production of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor.
- Apoptosis inducer in cancer cells. Enhances antitumor activity of vincristine in cancer cells. Might be useful in cancer chemotherapy.
- Anxiolytic.
- Antidepressant-like activity.
- Hepatoprotective effects.
- CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 inhibitor.
- Neuroprotective.
- Antileishmanial activity.
- cPLA2 and sPLA2 inhibitor.
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