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Antibiotic SQ 23377; EM 94

Chemical

C41H70O9 . Ca

707.0 . 40.1

56092-82-1

NO0650000

Isolated from Streptomyces conglobatus.

≥98% (HPLC, TLC)

White to off-white solid.

Soluble in DMSO, ethanol or methanol.

WKRWUYKLUMMAKG-ZDCQQEHISA-L

AMBIENT

+4°C

-20°C

Protect from light.

Stable for at least 2 years after receipt when stored at -20°C.

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• Antibiotic [1].
• Potent and highly selective Ca²⁺ ionophore. Commonly used to modify intracellular calcium levels to study calcium transport across biological membranes and to calibrate fluorescent Ca²⁺ indicators [2, 3].
• Ionomycin also transports Pb²⁺ and some other divalent cations, as well as several lanthanide series trivalent cations at efficiencies that are greater than or equal to those for Ca²⁺ [3, 9].
• Apoptosis inducer [4, 7]. Induces apoptotic neuronal degeneration in embryonic cortical neurons and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and induces central demyelination [6].
• Used to stimulate the intracellular production of the cytokines, interferon, perforin, IL-2 and IL-4 usually in conjunction with PMA [5, 8].
• ADAM10 agonist [10].
• Potent inducer of shedding CXCL16 [10].
• TREK-1 channels inhibitor [11].
• PPARγ ligand with a unique binding mode. Shows effective glucose-lowering activity in a mouse model of diabetes [12].

Product References

Ionomycin, a new polyether antibiotic: W.C. Liu, et al.; J. Antibiot. 31, 815 (1978)

Characterization of ionomycin as a calcium ionophore: C. Liu & T.E. Hermann; J. Biol. Chem. 253, 5892 (1978)

Cation transport and specificity of ionomycin. Comparison with ionophore A23187 in rat liver mitochondria: R.F. Kauffman, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 255, 2735 (1980)

Ionophore-induced apoptosis: role of DNA fragmentation and calcium fluxes: D.M. Ojcius, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 197, 43 (1991)

Contrasting effect of transforming growth factor type beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on proliferation and interleukin-2 receptor expression in activated and rapidly cycling immature (CD3-CD4-CD8-) thymocytes: A. Dupuy dAngeac, et al.; J. Cell. Physiol. 154, 44 (1993)

Ca2+ ionophore-induced apoptosis on cultured embryonic rat cortical neurons: N. Takei & Y. Endo; Brain Res. 652, 65 (1994)

Differential activation of a calcium-dependent endonuclease in human B lymphocytes. Role in ionomycin-induced apoptosis: K.M. Aagaard-Tillery, et al.; J. Immunol. 155, 3297 (1995)

Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in CD3+4+ T-cells from rat spleen: E.M. Caraher, et al.; J. Immunol. Methods 244, 29 (2000)

The ionophore nigericin transports Pb2+ with high activity and selectivity: a comparison to monensin and ionomycin: S.A. Hamidinia, et al.; Biochemistry 43,15956 (2004)

Constitutive expression and regulated release of the transmembrane chemokine CXCL16 in human and murine skin: F. Scholz, et al.; J. Invest. Dermatol. 127, 1444 (2007)

Calcium-dependent inhibition of adrenal TREK-1 channels by angiotensin II and ionomycin: J.J. Enyeart, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 301, C619 (2011)

Identification of the antibiotic ionomycin as an unexpected peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand with a unique binding mode and effective glucose-lowering activity in a mouse model of diabetes: W. Zheng, et al.; Diabetologia 56, 401 (2013)

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