Thisproductisfreezedried.Allwatermoleculeshavebeenremoved.
Everylotistried&testedinarelevantBIOLOGicalassay.
OurBioassay
- Shahidi,S. etal. (1993) Biochim.Biophys.Acta 1157, 74.
- AlomoneLabsApamin-BiotinblocksratSK2channelsstablytransfectedinHEK293Tcells.A.Timecourseof Apamin-Biotin (#STA-200-B)actiononSK2channels.Currentamplitudeswereplottedasafunctionoftime.Membranepotentialwasheldat-80mVandcellswerestimulatedbya150msvoltagerampfrom-120mVto+60mVevery10sec.1nM,10nMand50nMApamin-Biotinwereperfusedduring120secasindicatedbythebarat0mV.B.SuperimposedexamplesofSK2channelcurrentintheabsence(control,black)andpresenceof1nM(green),10nM(red)and50nM(blue)Apamin-Biotin(takenfromtheexperimentinA).AlomoneLabsApamin-Biotinstainsratparietalcortex.Lightly-fixedsectionsofratbrainwereincubatedovernightwith Apamin-Biotin (#STA-200-B)(1nM)followedby45minutesfixationincold4%paraformaldehydeandfollowedbytheadditionofstreptavidinlabeledwithATTO-594.Mostofthestainingisseeninpyramidalneurons(horizontalarrows)aswellasinastrocyte-likeprocesses(verticalarrows).
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Apaminisanaturalpeptideisolatedandpurifiedfrom Apis mellifera beevenom.ApaminblockssmallconductanceCa2+-activatedK+ channels(SK).ItisspecificfortheSK1-3isoforms,butineffectiveinblockingothercalciumactivatedK+ channels2.Inmammaliancelllines,ApaminblocksexpressedhSK1withanIC50 of~10nM3,rSK1 andrSK2 withIC50 of~3and<1nMrespectively4 andliverrSK3 withIC50<1nM.5 InJurkatT-cells,5nMofApaminblocks70%ofhSK2currents.6
BlockingthesechannelswithApaminslowsdownneuronalactivityafterhyperpolarization7,aswellassmoothmusclecontraction8 andcatecholaminesecretioninadrenalglands.9 Electrophysiologyapplicationoflong(~400ms)voltageramps,coveringthewholephysiologicalrange(-160to+40mV),inthewholecellpatch-clamporvoltageclampconfigurations,beforeandafterbathperfusionofthedrug,allowsthedetectionoftheblockedchannelcurrents(bycomparison).1
Apamin-Biotin(#STA-200-B) isahighlypure,synthetic,andbiologicallyactiveconjugatedpeptidetoxin.
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