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- PeptideRTSDSRDHTRVDWKR(C),correspondingtoaminoacidresidues271-285ofratGluR1(Accession P19490).Extracellular,N-terminus.
- Westernblotanalysis ofrat(lanes1and3)andmouse(lanes2and4)brainlysates:1,2.Guineapig Anti-GluR1(GluA1)(extracellular) Antibody(#AGP-009), (1:200).
3,4.GuineapigAnti-GluR1(GluA1)(extracellular)Antibody,preincubatedwiththenegativecontrolantigen.
- ExpressionofGluR1inrathippocampusImmunohistochemicalstainingofperfusion-fixedfrozenratbrainsections usingGuineapigAnti-GluR1(GluA1)(extracellular)Antibody (#AGP-009),(1:400),followedbyanti-rabbit-Cy2antibody(green).GluR1stainingappearsinneuronaloutlines(horizontalarrows)andintheinnermolecularlayerofthedentategyrus(verticalarrow).NucleiarestainedwithDAPI(blue).
- Immuno-colocalizationofGluR1andVesicularGABATransporterinhumanU-87MGcellsCellsurfacedetectionof GluR1andVesicularGABATransporterinhumanglioblastomaU-87MG.ExtracellularstainingofliveintactcellswithGuineapigAnti-GluR1(GluA1)(extracellular)Antibody (#AGP-009),(1:25),followedbygoatanti-guineapig-AlexaFluor-488secondaryantibody(green).Cellsweresubsequentlyfixed,permeABIlizedandlabeledwith Anti-VesicularGABATransporter(VGAT)Antibody(#AGT-005),(1:200),followedbygoatanti-rabbit-AlexaFluor-594secondaryantibody(red).RepresentativemergedimagesofthedoublelabeledcellsareshowninAandB.
- 1.Dingledine,R.etal.(1999)Pharmacol.Rev.51,7.
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- 3.Song,I.etal.(2002)Trends.Neurosci.25,578.
AMPAreceptors aremembersofthe glutamatereceptorfamily ofionchannelsthatalsoincludetheNMDAand Kainate receptors.ThethreesubfamiliesarenamedaftertheoriginalsyntheticagoNISTsthatwereidentifiedasselectiveligandsofeachfamily.
Theα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoazolepropionicacid(AMPA)receptorsubfamilyincludesfourmembersAMPA1-AMPA4thatarealsoknownasGluR1-GluR4respectively.
ThefunctionalAMPAchannelisbelievedtobeatetramer,withmostneuronalAMPAreceptorsbeingactuallyheterotetramerscomposedofAMPA1plus AMPA2 orAMPA2plus AMPA3,althoughhomotetramerscanalsobefound.
AMPAreceptorsarepermeabletocationsNa+,K+ andCa2+.TheCa2+ permeabilityisdependentonthepresenceofAMPA2:wheneverthissubunitispresent,thechannelwillbeimpermeabletoCa2+.TheCa2+ permeabilityoftheAMPA2subunitisdeterminedbythepresenceofanarginine(R)atacriticalsiteintheporeloopinsteadofaglutamine(Q)presentinthesamesiteintheotherAMPAsubunits.Apost-transcriptionalprocessknownasRNAeditingdeterminesthepresenceofthisR.SincemostAMPA2subunitsintheadultbrainhaveundergoneRNAeditingandmostAMPAreceptorscontaintheAMPA2subunit, mostnativeAMPAreceptorswillbeimpermeabletoCa2+.
GatingofAMPAreceptorsbyglutamateisextremelyfastandthereforetheAMPAreceptorsmediatemostexcitatory(depolarizing)currentsinthebrainduringbasalneuronalactivity.Thedepolarizationcausedbytheactivationofpost-synapticAMPAreceptorsisnecessaryfortheactivationofNMDAreceptorsthatwillopenonlyinthepresenceofbothglutamateandadepolarizedmembrane.
Synapticstrength,definedasthelevelofpost-synapticdepolarization,canbelongterm(hencethetermlongtermpotentiation,LTP)andthereforeinducechangesinsignalingandproteinsynthesisintheactivatedneuron.Thesechangesareassociatedwithmemoryformationandlearning.
ChangesinsynapticstrengtharethoughttoinvolverapidmovementoftheAMPAreceptorsinandoutofthesynapsesandagreatdealofefforthasfocusedinunderstandingthemechanismsthatgovernAMPAreceptortrafficking.
ExpressionofGluR1inmouseolfactorybulb.ImmunohistochemicalstainingofmouseolfactorybulbsectionsusingGuineapigAnti-GluR1(GluA1)(extracellular)Antibody (#AGP-009).GluR1staining(green)isdetectedintheglomerularandexternalplexiformlayers(EPL),(rightpanel).GluR1co-localizeswithGFAPinperiglomerularastrocytesandtheirprocessesintheneuropil(mergedpanel).Adaptedfrom Droste,D. etal. (2017) Sci.Rep. 7, 44817.withpermissionofNaturePublishingGroup.
AlomoneLabsispleasedtoofferanantibodyagainstanextracellularepitopetherationotropicglutamatereceptor1.GuineapigAnti-GluR1(GluA1)(extracellular)Antibody (#AGP-009)raisedinguineapigcanbeusedinwesternblot,immunohistochemistryandimmunocytochemistryapplications.IthasbeendesignedtorecognizeGluR1fromhuman,mouseandratsamples.TheantigenusedtoimmunizeguineapigsisthesameasAnti-GluR1(GluA1)(extracellular)Antibody(#AGC-004)raisedinrabbit.Ourlineofguineapigantibodiesenablesmoreflexibilitywithourproductssuchasimmuno-colocalizationstudies,immunoprecipitation,etc.